TED的英文演讲稿11

00:11

Whatkeepsushealthyandhappyaswegothroughlife?Ifyouweregoingtoinvestnowinyourfuturebestself,wherewouldyouputyourtimeandyourenergy?Therewasarecentsurveyofmillennialsaskingthemwhattheirmostimportantlifegoalswere,andover80percentsaidthatamajorlifegoalforthemwastogetrich.Andanother50percentofthosesameyoungadultssaidthatanothermajorlifegoalwastobecomefamous.

00:49

(Laughter)

00:51

Andwe'reconstantlytoldtoleanintowork,topushharderandachievemore.We'regiventheimpressionthatthesearethethingsthatweneedtogoafterinordertohaveagoodlife.Picturesofentirelives,ofthechoicesthatpeoplemakeandhowthosechoicesworkoutforthem,thosepicturesarealmostimpossibletoget.Mostofwhatweknowabouthumanlifeweknowfromaskingpeopletorememberthepast,andasweknow,hindsightisanythingbut20/20.Weforgetvastamountsofwhathappenstousinlife,andsometimesmemoryisdownrightcreative.

01:35

Butwhatifwecouldwatchentirelivesastheyunfoldthroughtime?Whatifwecouldstudypeoplefromthetimethattheywereteenagersallthewayintooldagetoseewhatreallykeepspeoplehappyandhealthy?

01:54

Wedidthat.TheHarvardStudyofAdultDevelopmentmaybethelongeststudyofadultlifethat'severbeendone.For75years,we'vetrackedthelivesof724men,yearafteryear,askingabouttheirwork,theirhomelives,theirhealth,andofcourseaskingallalongthewaywithoutknowinghowtheirlifestoriesweregoingtoturnout.

02:24

Studieslikethisareexceedinglyrare.Almostallprojectsofthiskindfallapartwithinadecadebecausetoomanypeopledropoutofthestudy,orfundingfortheresearchdriesup,ortheresearchersgetdistracted,ortheydie,andnobodymovestheballfurtherdownthefield.Butthroughacombinationofluckandthepersistenceofseveralgenerationsofresearchers,thisstudyhassurvived.About60ofouroriginal724menarestillalive,stillparticipatinginthestudy,mostofthemintheir90s.Andwearenowbeginningtostudythemorethan2,000childrenofthesemen.AndI'mthefourthdirectorofthestudy.

03:14

Since1938,we'vetrackedthelivesoftwogroupsofmen.ThefirstgroupstartedinthestudywhentheyweresophomoresatHarvardCollege.TheyallfinishedcollegeduringWorldWarII,andthenmostwentofftoserveinthewar.Andthesecondgroupthatwe'vefollowedwasagroupofboysfromBoston'spoorestneighborhoods,boyswhowerechosenforthestudyspecificallybecausetheywerefromsomeofthemosttroubledanddisadvantagedfamiliesintheBostonofthe1930s.Mostlivedintenements,manywithouthotandcoldrunningwater.

03:53

Whentheyenteredthestudy,alloftheseteenagerswereinterviewed.Theyweregivenmedicalexams.Wewenttotheirhomesandweinterviewedtheirparents.Andthentheseteenagersgrewupintoadultswhoenteredallwalksoflife.Theybecamefactoryworkersandlawyersandbricklayersanddoctors,onePresidentoftheUnitedStates.Somedevelopedalcoholism.Afewdevelopedschizophrenia.Someclimbedthesocialladderfromthebottomallthewaytotheverytop,andsomemadethatjourneyintheoppositedirection.

04:34

ThefoundersofthisstudywouldneverintheirwildestdreamshaveimaginedthatIwouldbestandingheretoday,75yearslater,tellingyouthatthestudystillcontinues.Everytwoyears,ourpatientanddedicatedresearchstaffcallsupourmenandasksthemifwecansendthemyetonemoresetofquestionsabouttheirlives.

04:59

ManyoftheinnercityBostonmenaskus,"Whydoyoukeepwantingtostudyme?Mylifejustisn'tthatinteresting."TheHarvardmenneveraskthatquestion.

05:10

(Laughter)

05:19

Togettheclearestpictureoftheselives,wedon'tjustsendthemquestionnaires.Weinterviewthemintheirlivingrooms.Wegettheirmedicalrecordsfromtheirdoctors.Wedrawtheirblood,wescantheirbrains,wetalktotheirchildren.Wevideotapethemtalkingwiththeirwivesabouttheirdeepestconcerns.Andwhen,aboutadecadeago,wefinallyaskedthewivesiftheywouldjoinusasmembersofthestudy,manyofthewomensaid,"Youknow,it'sabouttime."

05:49

(Laughter)

05:50

Sowhathavewelearned?Whatarethelessonsthatcomefromthetensofthousandsofpagesofinformationthatwe'vegeneratedontheselives?Well,thelessonsaren'taboutwealthorfameorworkingharderandharder.Theclearestmessagethatwegetfromthis75-yearstudyisthis:Goodrelationshipskeepushappierandhealthier.Period.

06:22

We'velearnedthreebiglessonsaboutrelationships.Thefirstisthatsocialconnectionsarereallygoodforus,andthatlonelinesskills.Itturnsoutthatpeoplewhoaremoresociallyconnectedtofamily,tofriends,tocommunity,arehappier,they'rephysicallyhealthier,andtheylivelongerthanpeoplewhoarelesswellconnected.Andtheexperienceoflonelinessturnsouttobetoxic.Peoplewhoaremoreisolatedthantheywanttobefromothersfindthattheyarelesshappy,theirhealthdeclinesearlierinmidlife,theirbrainfunctioningdeclinessoonerandtheyliveshorterlivesthanpeoplewhoarenotlonely.Andthesadfactisthatatanygiventime,morethanoneinfiveAmericanswillreportthatthey'relonely.

07:18

Andweknowthatyoucanbelonelyinacrowdandyoucanbelonelyinamarriage,sothesecondbiglessonthatwelearnedisthatit'snotjustthenumberoffriendsyouhave,andit'snotwhetherornotyou'reinacommittedrelationship,butit'sthequalityofyourcloserelationshipsthatmatters.Itturnsoutthatlivinginthemidstofconflictisreallybadforourhealth.High-conflictmarriages,forexample,withoutmuchaffection,turnouttobeverybadforourhealth,perhapsworsethangettingdivorced.Andlivinginthemidstofgood,warmrelationshipsisprotective.

07:56

Oncewehadfollowedourmenallthewayintotheir80s,wewantedtolookbackatthematmidlifeandtoseeifwecouldpredictwhowasgoingtogrowintoahappy,healthyoctogenarianandwhowasn't.Andwhenwegatheredtogethereverythingweknewaboutthematage50,itwasn'ttheirmiddleagecholesterollevelsthatpredictedhowtheyweregoingtogrowold.Itwashowsatisfiedtheywereintheirrelationships.Thepeoplewhowerethemostsatisfiedintheirrelationshipsatage50werethehealthiestatage80.Andgood,closerelationshipsseemtobufferusfromsomeoftheslingsandarrowsofgettingold.Ourmosthappilypartneredmenandwomenreported,intheir80s,thatonthedayswhentheyhadmorephysicalpain,theirmoodstayedjustashappy.Butthepeoplewhowereinunhappyrelationships,onthedayswhentheyreportedmorephysicalpain,itwasmagnifiedbymoreemotionalpain.

09:03

Andthethirdbiglessonthatwelearnedaboutrelationshipsandourhealthisthatgoodrelationshipsdon'tjustprotectourbodies,theyprotectourbrains.Itturnsoutthatbeinginasecurelyattachedrelationshiptoanotherpersoninyour80sisprotective,thatthepeoplewhoareinrelationshipswheretheyreallyfeeltheycancountontheotherpersonintimesofneed,thosepeople'smemoriesstaysharperlonger.Andthepeopleinrelationshipswheretheyfeeltheyreallycan'tcountontheotherone,thosearethepeoplewhoexperienceearliermemorydecline.Andthosegoodrelationships,theydon'thavetobesmoothallthetime.Someofouroctogenariancouplescouldbickerwitheachotherdayinanddayout,butaslongastheyfeltthattheycouldreallycountontheotherwhenthegoinggottough,thoseargumentsdidn'ttakeatollontheirmemories.

10:00

Sothismessage,thatgood,closerelationshipsaregoodforourhealthandwell-being,thisiswisdomthat'sasoldasthehills.Whyisthissohardtogetandsoeasytoignore?Well,we'rehuman.Whatwe'dreallylikeisaquickfix,somethingwecangetthat'llmakeourlivesgoodandkeepthemthatway.Relationshipsaremessyandthey'recomplicatedandthehardworkoftendingtofamilyandfriends,it'snotsexyorglamorous.It'salsolifelong.Itneverends.Thepeopleinour75-yearstudywhowerethehappiestinretirementwerethepeoplewhohadactivelyworkedtoreplaceworkmateswithnewplaymates.Justlikethemillennialsinthatrecentsurvey,manyofourmenwhentheywerestartingoutasyoungadultsreallybelievedthatfameandwealthandhighachievementwerewhattheyneededtogoaftertohaveagoodlife.Butoverandover,overthese75years,ourstudyhasshownthatthepeoplewhofaredthebestwerethepeoplewholeanedintorelationships,withfamily,withfriends,withcommunity.

11:20

Sowhataboutyou?Let'ssayyou're25,oryou're40,oryou're60.Whatmightleaningintorelationshipsevenlooklike?

11:30

Well,thepossibilitiesarepracticallyendless.Itmightbesomethingassimpleasreplacingscreentimewithpeopletimeorliveningupastalerelationshipbydoingsomethingnewtogether,longwalksordatenights,orreachingouttothatfamilymemberwhoyouhaven'tspokentoinyears,becausethoseall-too-commonfamilyfeudstakeaterribletollonthepeoplewhoholdthegrudges.

12:03

I'dliketoclosewithaquotefromMarkTwain.Morethanacenturyago,hewaslookingbackonhislife,andhewrotethis:"Thereisn'ttime,sobriefislife,forbickerings,apologies,heartburnings,callingstoaccount.Thereisonlytimeforloving,andbutaninstant,sotospeak,forthat."

12:33

Thegoodlifeisbuiltwithgoodrelationships.

12:38

Thankyou.

12:39

(Applause)

TED的英文演讲稿8

Whatfearcanteachus

恐惧可以教会我们什么

Onedayin1819,3,000milesoffthecoastofChile,inoneofthemostremoteregionsofthePacificOcean,20Americansailorswatchedtheirshipfloodwithseawater.

1820xx年的某一天，在距离智利海岸3000英里的地方，有一个太平洋上的最偏远的水域，20名美国船员目睹了他们的船只进水的场面。

They'dbeenstruckbyaspermwhale,whichhadrippedacatastrophicholeintheship'shull.Astheirshipbegantosinkbeneaththeswells,themenhuddledtogetherinthreesmallwhaleboats.

他们和一头抹香鲸相撞，给船体撞了一个毁灭性的大洞。当船在巨浪中开始沉没时，人们在三条救生小艇中抱作一团。

Thesemenwere10,000milesfromhome,morethan1,000milesfromthenearestscrapofland.Intheirsmallboats,theycarriedonlyrudimentarynavigationalequipmentandlimitedsuppliesoffoodandwater.

这些人在离家10000万英里的地方，离最近的陆地也超过1000英里。在他们的小艇中，他们只带了落后的导航设备和有限的食物和饮水。

ThesewerethemenofthewhaleshipEssex,whosestorywouldlaterinspirepartsof"MobyDick."

他们就是捕鲸船ESSEX上的人们，后来的他们的故事成为《白鲸记》的一部分。

Evenintoday'sworld,theirsituationwouldbereallydire,butthinkabouthowmuchworseitwouldhavebeenthen.

即使在当今的世界，碰上这种情况也够杯具的，更不用说在当时的情况有多糟糕。

Nooneonlandhadanyideathatanythinghadgonewrong.Nosearchpartywascomingtolookforthesemen.Somostofushaveneverexperiencedasituationasfrighteningastheoneinwhichthesesailorsfoundthemselves,butweallknowwhatit'sliketobeafraid.

岸上的人根本就还没意识到出了什么问题。没有任何人来搜寻他们。我们当中大部分人没有经历过这些船员所处的可怕情景，但我们都知道害怕是什么感觉。

Weknowhowfearfeels,butI'mnotsurewespendenoughtimethinkingaboutwhatourfearsmean.

我们知道恐惧的感觉，但是我不能肯定我们会花很多时间想过我们的恐惧到底意味着什么。

Aswegrowup,we'reoftenencouragedtothinkoffearasaweakness,justanotherchildishthingtodiscardlikebabyteethorrollerskates.

我们长大以后，我们总是会被鼓励把恐惧视为软弱，需要像乳牙或轮滑鞋一样扔掉的幼稚的东西。

AndIthinkit'snoaccidentthatwethinkthisway.Neuroscientistshaveactuallyshownthathumanbeingsarehard-wiredtobeoptimists.

我想意外事故并非我们所想的那样。神经系统科学家已经知道人类生来就是乐观主义者。

Somaybethat'swhywethinkoffear,sometimes,asadangerinandofitself."Don'tworry,"weliketosaytooneanother."Don'tpanic."InEnglish,fearissomethingweconquer.It'ssomethingwefight.

这也许就是为什么我们认为有时候恐惧，本身就是一种危险或带来危险。“不要愁。”我们总是对别人说。“不要慌”。英语中，恐惧是我们需要征服的东西。是我们必须对抗的东西，是我们必须克服的东西。

It'ssomethingweovercome.Butwhatifwelookedatfearinafreshway?Whatifwethoughtoffearasanamazingactoftheimagination,somethingthatcanbeasprofoundandinsightfulasstorytellingitself?

但是我们如果换个视角看恐惧会如何呢?如果我们把恐惧当做是想象力的一个惊人成果，是和我们讲故事一样精妙而有见地的东西，又会如何呢?

It'seasiesttoseethislinkbetweenfearandtheimaginationinyoungchildren,whosefearsareoftenextraordinarilyvivid.

在小孩子当中，我们最容易看到恐惧与想象之间的联系，他们的恐惧经常是超级生动的。

WhenIwasachild,IlivedinCalifornia,whichis,youknow,mostlyaveryniceplacetolive,butformeasachild,Californiacouldalsobealittlescary.

我小时候住在加利福尼亚，你们都知道，是非常适合居住的位置，但是对一个小孩来说，加利福尼亚也会有点吓人。

Irememberhowfrighteningitwastoseethechandelierthathungaboveourdiningtableswingbackandforthduringeveryminorearthquake,andIsometimescouldn'tsleepatnight,terrifiedthattheBigOnemightstrikewhileweweresleeping.

我记得每次小地震的时候当我看到我们餐桌上的吊灯晃来晃去的时候是多么的吓人，我经常会彻夜难眠，担心大地震会在我们睡觉的时候突然袭来。

Andwhatwesayaboutkidswhohavefearslikethatisthattheyhaveavividimagination.Butatacertainpoint,mostofuslearntoleavethesekindsofvisionsbehindandgrowup.

我们说小孩子感受到这种恐惧是因为他们有生动的想象力。但是在某个时候，我们大多数学会了抛弃这种想法而变得成熟。

Welearnthattherearenomonstershidingunderthebed,andnoteveryearthquakebringsbuildingsdown.Butmaybeit'snocoincidencethatsomeofourmostcreativemindsfailtoleavethesekindsoffearsbehindasadults.

我们都知道床下没有魔鬼，也不是每个地震都会震垮房子。但是我们当中最有想象力的人们并没有因为成年而抛弃这种恐惧，这也许并不是巧合。

Thesameincredibleimaginationsthatproduced"TheOriginofSpecies,""JaneEyre"and"TheRemembranceofThingsPast,"alsogeneratedintenseworriesthathauntedtheadultlivesofCharlesDarwin,CharlotteBrontandMarcelProust.Sothequestionis,whatcantherestofuslearnaboutfearfromvisionariesandyoungchildren?

同样不可思议的想象力创造了《物种起源》，《简·爱》和《追忆似水年华》，也就是这种与生俱来的深深的担忧一直缠绕着成年的查尔斯·达尔文，夏洛特·勃朗特和马塞尔·普罗斯特。问题就来了，我们其他人如何能从这些梦想家和小孩子身上学会恐惧?

Welllet'sreturntotheyear1819foramoment,tothesituationfacingthecrewofthewhaleshipEssex.Let'stakealookatthefearsthattheirimaginationsweregeneratingastheydriftedinthemiddleofthePacific.

让我们暂时回到1820xx年，回到ESSEX捕鲸船的水手们面对的情况。让我们看看他们漂流在太平洋中央时他们的想象力给他们带来的恐惧感觉。

Twenty-fourhourshadnowpassedsincethecapsizingoftheship.Thetimehadcomeforthementomakeaplan,buttheyhadveryfewoptions.

船倾覆后已经过了24个小时。这时人们制定了一个计划，但是其实他们没什么太多的选择。

Inhisfascinatingaccountofthedisaster,NathanielPhilbrickwrotethatthesemenwerejustaboutasfarfromlandasitwaspossibletobeanywhereonEarth.

在纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克(NathanielPhilbrick)描述这场灾难的动人文章中，他写到“这些人离陆地如此之远，似乎永远都不可能到达地球上的任何一块陆地。”

ThemenknewthatthenearestislandstheycouldreachweretheMarquesasIslands,1,200milesaway.Butthey'dheardsomefrighteningrumors.

这些人知道离他们最近的岛是1200英里以外的马克萨斯群岛(MarquesasIslands)。但是他们听到了让人恐怖的谣言。

They'dbeentoldthattheseislands,andseveralothersnearby,werepopulatedbycannibals.Sothemenhttps://p.9136.com/0bingashoreonlytobemurderedandeatenfordinner.AnotherpossibledestinationwasHawaii,butgiventheseason,thecaptainwasafraidthey'dbestruckbyseverestorms.

他们听说这些群岛，以及附近的一些岛屿上都住着食人族。所以他们脑中都是上岸以后就会被杀掉被人当做盘中餐的画面。另一个可行的目的地是夏威夷，但是船长担心他们会被困在风暴当中。

Nowthelastoptionwasthelongest,andthemostdifficult:tosail1,500milesduesouthinhopesofreachingacertainbandofwindsthatcouldeventuallypushthemtowardthecoastofSouthAmerica.

所以最后的选择是到最远，也是最艰险的地方：往南走1500英里希望某股风能最终把他们吹到南美洲的海岸。

Buttheyknewthatthesheerlengthofthisjourneywouldstretchtheirsuppliesoffoodandwater.Tobeeatenbycannibals,tobebatteredbystorms,tostarvetodeathbeforereachingland.

但是他们知道这个行程中一旦偏航将会耗尽他们食物和饮水的供给。被食人族吃掉，被风暴掀翻，在登陆前饿死。

Thesewerethefearsthatdancedintheimaginationsofthesepoormen,andasitturnedout,thefeartheychosetolistentowouldgovernwhethertheylivedordied.

这就是萦绕在这群可怜的人想象中的恐惧，事实证明，他们选择听从的恐惧将决定他们的生死。

Nowwemightjustaseasilycallthesefearsbyadifferentname.Whatifinsteadofcallingthemfears,wecalledthemstories?

也许我们可以很容易的用别的名称来称呼这些恐惧。我们不称之为恐惧，而是称它们为故事如何?

Becausethat'sreallywhatfearis,ifyouthinkaboutit.It'sakindofunintentionalstorytellingthatweareallbornknowinghowtodo.Andfearsandstorytellinghavethesamecomponents.

如果你仔细想想，这是恐惧真正的意义。这是一种与生俱来的`，无意识的讲故事的能力。恐惧和讲故事有着同样的构成。

Theyhavethesamearchitecture.Likeallstories,fearshavecharacters.Inourfears,thecharactersareus.Fearsalsohaveplots.Theyhavebeginningsandmiddlesandends.Youboardtheplane.

他们有同样的结构。如同所有的故事，恐惧中有角色。在恐惧中，角色就是我们自己。恐惧也有情节。他们有开头，有中间，有结尾。你登上飞机。

Theplanetakesoff.Theenginefails.Ourfearsalsotendtocontainimagerythatcanbeeverybitasvividaswhatyoumightfindinthepagesofanovel.Pictureacannibal,humanteethsinkingintohumanskin,humanfleshroastingoverafire.

飞机起飞。结果引擎故障。我们的恐惧会包括各种生动的想象，不比你看到的任何一个小说逊色。想象食人族，人类牙齿咬在人类皮肤上，人肉在火上烤。

Fearsalsohavesuspense.IfI'vedonemyjobasastorytellertoday,youshouldbewonderingwhathappenedtothemenofthewhaleshipEssex.Ourfearsprovokeinusaverysimilarformofsuspense.

恐惧中也有悬念。如果我今天像讲故事一样，留个悬念不说了，你们也许会很想知道ESSEX捕鲸船上，人们到底怎么样了。我们的恐惧用悬念一样的方式刺激我们。

Justlikeallgreatstories,ourfearsfocusourattentiononaquestionthatisasimportantinlifeasitisinliterature:Whatwillhappennext?

就像一个很好的故事，我们的恐惧也如同一部好的文学作品一样，将我们的注意力集中在对我们生命至关重要的问题上：后来发生了什么?

Inotherwords,ourfearsmakeusthinkaboutthefuture.Andhumans,bytheway,aretheonlycreaturescapableofthinkingaboutthefutureinthisway,ofprojectingourselvesforwardintime,andthismentaltimetravelisjustonemorethingthatfearshaveincommonwithstorytelling.

换而言之，我们的恐惧让我们想到未来。另外，人来是唯一有能力通过这种方式想到未来的生物，就是预测时间推移后我们的状况，这种精神上的时间旅行是恐惧与讲故事的另一个共同点。

Asawriter,Icantellyouthatabigpartofwritingfictionislearningtopredicthowoneeventinastorywillaffectalltheotherevents,andfearworksinthatsameway.

我是一个作家，我要告诉你们写小说一个很重要的部分就是学会预测故事中一件事情如何影响另一件事情，恐惧也是同样这么做的。

Infear,justlikeinfiction,onethingalwaysleadstoanother.WhenIwaswritingmyfirstnovel,"TheAgeOfMiracles,"IspentmonthstryingtofigureoutwhatwouldhappeniftherotationoftheEarthsuddenlybegantoslowdown.Whatwouldhappentoourdays?

恐惧中，如同小说一样，一件事情总是导致另一件事情。我写我的第一部小说《奇迹时代》的时候，我花了数月的时间想象如果地球旋转突然变慢了之后会发生什么。我们的一天变得如何?

Whatwouldhappentoourcrops?Whatwouldhappentoourminds?AndthenitwasonlylaterthatIrealizedhowverysimilarthesequestionsweretotheonesIusedtoaskmyselfasachildfrightenedinthenight.

我们身体会怎样?我们的思想会有什么变化?也就是在那之后，我意识到我过去总是问自己的那些些问题和孩子们在夜里害怕是多么的相像。

Ifanearthquakestrikestonight,Iusedtoworry,whatwillhappentoourhouse?Whatwillhappentomyfamily?Andtheanswertothosequestionsalwaystooktheformofastory.

要是在过去，如果今晚发生地震，我会很担心，我的房子会怎么样啊?家里人会怎样啊?这类问题的答案通常都会和故事一样。

TED的英文演讲稿

岸上的人根本就还没意识到出了什么问题。没有任何人来搜寻他们。我们当中大部分人没有经历过这些船员所处的`可怕情景，但我们都知道害怕是什么感觉。Weknowhowfearfeels,butI'mnotsurewespendenoughtimethinkingaboutwhatourfearsmean.我们知道恐惧的感觉，但是我不能肯定我们会花很多时间想过我们的恐惧到底意味着什么。

Aswegrowup,we'reoftenencouragedtothinkoffearasaweakness,justanotherchildishthingtodiscardlikebabyteethorrollerskates.我们长大以后，我们总是会被鼓励把恐惧视为软弱，需要像乳牙或轮滑鞋一样扔掉的幼稚的东西。AndIthinkit'snoaccidentthatwethinkthisway.Neuroscientistshaveactuallyshownthathumanbeingsarehard-wiredtobeoptimists.我想意外事故并非我们所想的那样。神经系统科学家已经知道人类生来就是乐观主义者。

Somaybethat'swhywethinkoffear,sometimes,asadangerinandofitself."Don'tworry,"weliketosaytoone

TED的英文演讲稿3

每个人都会避免犯错，但或许避免犯错本身就是一种错误?请看以下这篇“犯错家“凯瑟琳舒尔茨告诉我们，或许我们不只该承认错误，更应该大力拥抱人性中“我错故我在“的本质。

Soit's1995,I'mincollege,andafriendandIgoonaroadtripfromProvidence,RhodeIslandtoPortland,Oregon.

当时是95年我在上大学我和一个朋友开车去玩从罗得岛的普罗旺斯区出发到奥勒冈州的波特兰市

Andyouknow,we'reyoungandunemployed,sowedothewholethingonbackroadsthroughstateparksandnationalforests--basicallythelongestroutewecanpossiblytake.

我们年轻、无业，于是整个旅程都在乡间小道经过州立公园和国家保护森林我们尽可能绕着最长的路径

AndsomewhereinthemiddleofSouthDakota,IturntomyfriendandIaskheraquestionthat'sbeenbotheringmefor2,000miles.

在南达科塔州之中某处我转向我的朋友问她一个两千英里路途上一直烦恼我的问题

"What'supwiththeChinesecharacterIkeepseeingbythesideoftheroad?"

"路边那个一直出现的中文字到底是什么?"

Myfriendlooksatmetotallyblankly.

我的朋友露出疑惑的神情

There'sactuallyagentlemaninthefrontrowwho'sdoingaperfectimitationofherlook.

正如现在坐在第一排的这三位男士所露出的神情一样

(Laughter)AndI'mlike,"Youknow,allthesignswekeepseeingwiththeChinesecharacteronthem."

(笑声)我说"你知道的我们一直看到的那个路牌写着中文的那个啊"

Shejuststaresatmeforafewmoments,andthenshecracksup,becauseshefiguresoutwhatI'mtalkingabout.

她瞪着我的脸一阵子突然笑开了因为她总算知道我所指为何

AndwhatI'mtalkingaboutisthis.

我说的是这个

(Laughter)Right,thefamousChinesecharacterforpicnicarea.

(笑声)没错，这就是代表野餐区的那个中文字

(Laughter)I'vespentthelastfiveyearsofmylifethinkingaboutsituationsexactlylikethis--whywesometimesmisunderstandthesignsaroundus,

(笑声)过去的.五年我一直在思考刚刚我所描述的状况为什么我们会对身边的征兆产生误解

andhowwebehavewhenthathappens,andwhatallofthiscantellusabouthumannature.

当误解发生时我们作何反应以及这一切所告诉我们的人性

Inotherwords,asyouheardChrissay,I'vespentthelastfiveyearsthinkingaboutbeingwrong.

换句话说，就像Chris刚才说的过去五年的时间我都在思考错误的价值

Thismightstrikeyouasastrangecareermove,butitactuallyhasonegreatadvantage:nojobcompetition.

你可能觉得这是个奇异的专业但有一项好处是不容置疑的：没有竞争者。

(Laughter)Infact,mostofusdoeverythingwecantoavoidthinkingaboutbeingwrong,oratleasttoavoidthinkingaboutthepossibilitythatweourselvesarewrong.

(笑声)事实上，我们大部分的人都尽力不思考错误的价值或至少避免想到我们有可能犯错。

Wegetitintheabstract.

我们都知道这个模糊的概念。

Weallknoweverybodyinthisroommakesmistakes.

我们都知道这里的每个人都曾经犯错

Thehumanspecies,ingeneral,isfallible--okayfine.

人类本来就会犯错-没问题

Butwhenitcomesdowntomerightnow,toallthebeliefsIhold,hereinthepresenttense,suddenlyallofthisabstractappreciationoffallibilitygoesoutthewindow--andIcan'tactuallythinkofanythingI'mwrongabout.

一旦这个想法临到我们自身我们现在所有的所有的信念对人类可能犯错的抽象概念随即被我们抛弃我无法想到我有哪里出错

TED的英文演讲稿10

Everykidneedsachampion

每个孩子都需要一个冠军演讲稿中英对照：

Ihavespentmyentirelifeeitherattheschoolhouse,onthewaytotheschoolhouse,ortalkingaboutwhathappensintheschoolhouse.Bothmyparentswereeducators,mymaternalgrandparentswereeducators,andforthepast40yearsI'vedonethesamething.Andso,needlesstosay,overthoseyearsI'vehadachancetolookateducationreformfromalotof

perspectives.Someofthosereformshavebeengood.Someofthemhavebeennotsogood.Andweknowwhykidsdropout.Weknowwhykidsdon'tlearn.It'seitherpoverty,lowattendance,negativepeerinfluences.Weknowwhy.Butoneofthethingsthatweneverdiscussorwerarelydiscussisthevalueandimportanceofhumanconnection,relationships.

我这辈子，要么是在学校，要么在去学校的路上，要么是在讨论学校里发生了什么事。我的父母都是教育家，我的外祖父母也都是搞教育的，过去40年我也在从事同样的事业。所以，很显然，过去的这些年里，我有机会从各个角度审视教育改革。一些改革是有成效的。而另一些却收效甚微。我们知道孩子们为什么掉队辍学。我们知道孩子们为什么学不下去。原因无非是贫穷，低出席率，同龄人的坏影响。我们知道为什么。但是我们从未讨论或者极少讨论的是人和人之间的那种联系的价值和重要性，这就是“关系”。

JamesComersaysthatnosignificantlearningcanoccurwithoutasignificantrelationship.GeorgeWashingtonCarversaysalllearningisunderstandingrelationships.Everyoneinthisroomhasbeenaffectedbyateacheroranadult.

Foryears,Ihavewatchedpeopleteach.IhavelookedatthebestandI'velookatsomeoftheworst.

JamesComer(美国著名儿童精神科医师）说过，没有强有力的联系，学习就不会有显著的进步。GeorgeWashingtonCarver（美国著名教育学家）说过，学习就是理解各种关系。在座的各位都曾经被一位老师或者一个成年人影响过。这么多年，我都在看人们怎么教学。我看过最好的也看过最差的。

Acolleaguesaidtomeonetime,"Theydon'tpaymetolikethekids.Theypaymetoteachalesson.Thekidsshouldlearnit.Ishouldteachit.Theyshouldlearnit.Caseclosed."

一次有个同事跟我说，“我的职责不是喜欢那些孩子们。我的职责是教书。孩子们就该去学。我管教课，他们管学习。就是这么个理儿。”

Well,Isaidtoher,"Youknow,kidsdon'tlearnfrompeopletheydon'tlike."然后，我就跟她说，“你知道，孩子们可不跟他们讨厌的人学习。”

(Laughter)(Applause)

（笑声）（掌声）

Shesaid,"That'sjustabunchofhooey."

她接着说，“一派胡言。”

AndIsaidtoher,"Well,youryearisgoingtobelongandarduous,dear."然后我对她说，“那么，亲爱的，你这一年会变得十分漫长和痛苦。”

Needlesstosayitwas.Somepeoplethinkthatyoucaneitherhaveitinyoutobuildarelationshiporyoudon't.IthinkStephenCoveyhadtherightidea.He

saidyououghttojustthrowinafewsimplethings,likeseekingfirstto

understandasopposedtobeingunderstood,simplethingslikeapologizing.YoueverthoughtaboutthatTellakidyou'resorry,they'reinshock.

事实也果真如此。有些人认为一个人或者天生可以建立一种关系或者不具有这种能力。我认为StephenCovey（美国教育家）是对的。他说你只需要做一些简单的事情，比如试着首先理解他人，而不是想要被理解，比如道歉。你想过吗？跟一个孩子说你很对不起，他们都惊呆了。

Itaughtalessononceonratios.I'mnotrealgoodwithmath,butIwasworkingonit.AndIgotbackandlookedatthatteacheredition.I'dtaughtthewholelessonwrong.(Laughter)

我有一次讲比例。我数学不是很好，但是我当时在教数学。然后我下了课，翻看了教师用书。我完全教错了。（笑声）

SoIcamebacktoclassthenextday,andIsaid,"Look,guys,Ineedtoapologize.Itaughtthewholelessonwrong.I'msosorry."

所以我第二天回到班上说，“同学们，我要道歉。我昨天的课都教错了。我非常抱歉。”

Theysaid,"That'sokay,Ms.Pierson.Youweresoexcited,wejustletyougo."(Laughter)(Applause)

他们说，“没关系，Pierson老师。你当时教得非常投入，我们就让你继续了。”（笑声）（掌声）

Ihavehadclassesthatweresolow,soacademicallydeficientthatIcried.Iwondered,howamIgoingtotakethisgroupinninemonthsfromwherethey

aretowheretheyneedtobeAnditwasdifficult.Itwasawfullyhard.HowdoIraisetheself-esteemofachildandhisacademicachievementatthesametime

我曾经教过程度非常低的班级，学术素养差到我都哭了。我当时就想，我怎么能在9个月之内把这些孩子提升到他们必须具备的水平？这真的很难，太艰难了。我怎么能让一个孩子重拾自信的同时他在学术上也有进步？

OneyearIcameupwithabrightidea.Itoldallmystudents,"YouwerechosentobeinmyclassbecauseIamthebestteacherandyouarethebeststudents,theyputusalltogethersowecouldshoweverybodyelsehowtodoit."

有一年我有了一个非常好的主意。我告诉我的学生们，“你们进了我的班级，因为我是最好的老师，而你们是最好的学生，他们把我们放在一起来给其他人做个好榜样。”

Oneofthestudentssaid,"Really"(Laughter)

一个学生说，“真的吗？”（笑声）

Isaid,"Really.Wehavetoshowtheotherclasseshowtodoit,sowhenwewalkdownthehall,peoplewillnoticeus,soyoucan'tmakenoise.Youjusthavetostrut."AndIgavethemasayingtosay:"Iamsomebody.Iwas

somebodywhenIcame.I'llbeabettersomebodywhenIleave.Iampowerful,andIamstrong.IdeservetheeducationthatIgethere.Ihavethingstodo,peopletoimpress,andplacestogo."

我说，“当然是真的.。我们要给其他班级做个榜样，当我们走在楼道里，因为大家都会注意到我们，我们不能吵闹。大家要昂首阔步。”我还给了他们一个口号：“我是个人物。我来的时候是个人物。我毕业的时候会变成一个更好的人物。我

很有力，很强大。我值得在这里受教育。我有很多事情要做，我要让人们记住我，我要去很多地方。”

Andtheysaid,"Yeah!"

然后他们说：“是啊！”

Yousayitlongenough,itstartstobeapartofyou.

如果你长时间的这么说，它就会开始变成事实。

Andso—(Applause)Igaveaquiz,20questions.Astudentmissed18.Iputa"+2"onhispaperandabigsmileyface.

所以－（掌声）我做了一个小测验，20道题。一个孩子错了18道。我在他了卷子上写了个“＋2”和一个大的笑脸。

Hesaid,"Ms.Pierson,isthisanF"

他说，“Pierson老师，这是不及格吗？”

Isaid,"Yes."

我说，“是的。”

Hesaid,"Thenwhy'dyouputasmileyface"

他接着说，“那你为什么给我一个笑脸？”

Isaid,"Becauseyou'reonaroll.Yougottworight.Youdidn'tmissthemall."Isaid,"Andwhenwereviewthis,won'tyoudobetter"

我说，“因为你正渐入佳境。你没有全错，还对了两个。”我说，“我们复习这些题的时候，难道你不会做得更好吗？”

TED的英文演讲稿

WhenIwasnineyearsoldIwentofftosummercampforthefirsttime.Andmymotherpackedmeasuitcasefullofbooks,whichtomeseemedlikeaperfectlynaturalthingtodo.Becauseinmyfamily,readingwastheprimarygroupactivity.Andthismightsoundantisocialtoyou,butforusitwasreallyjustadifferentwayofbeingsocial.Youhavetheanimalwarmthofyourfamilysittingrightnexttoyou,butyouarealsofreetogoroamingaroundtheadventurelandinsideyourownmind.AndIhadthisideathatcampwasgoingtobejustlikethis,butbetter.(Laughter)Ihadavisionof10girlssittinginacabincozilyreadingbooksintheirmatchingnightgowns.

(Laughter)

Campwasmorelikeakegpartywithoutanyalcohol.Andontheveryfirstdayourcounselorgatheredusalltogetherandshetaughtusacheerthatshesaidwewouldbedoingeverydayfortherestofthesummertoinstillcampspirit.Anditwentlikethis:"R-O-W-D-I-E,that'sthewaywespellrowdie.Rowdie,rowdie,let'sgetrowdie."Yeah.SoIcouldn'tfigureoutforthelifeofmewhyweweresupposedtobesorowdy,orwhywehadtospellthiswordincorrectly.(Laughter)ButIrecitedacheer.Irecitedacheeralongwitheverybodyelse.Ididmybest.AndIjustwaitedforthetimethatIcouldgooffandreadmybooks.

ButthefirsttimethatItookmybookoutofmysuitcase,thecoolestgirlinthebunkcameuptomeandsheaskedme,"Whyareyoubeingsomellow?"--mellow,ofcourse,beingtheexactoppositeofR-O-W-D-I-E.AndthenthesecondtimeItriedit,thecounselorcameuptomewithaconcernedexpressiononherfaceandsherepeatedthepointaboutcampspiritandsaidweshouldallworkveryhardtobeoutgoing.

AndsoIputmybooksaway,backintheirsuitcase,andIputthemundermybed,andtheretheystayedfortherestofthesummer.AndIfeltkindofguiltyaboutthis.Ifeltasifthebooksneededmesomehow,andtheywerecallingouttomeandIwasforsakingthem.ButIdidforsakethemandIdidn'topenthatsuitcaseagainuntilIwasbackhomewithmyfamilyattheendofthesummer.

Now,Itellyouthisstoryaboutsummercamp.Icouldhavetoldyou50othersjustlikeit--allthetimesthatIgotthemessagethatsomehowmyquietandintrovertedstyleofbeingwasnotnecessarilytherightwaytogo,thatIshouldbetryingtopassasmoreofanextrovert.AndIalwayssenseddeepdownthatthiswaswrongandthatintrovertswereprettyexcellentjustastheywere.ButforyearsIdeniedthisintuition,andsoIbecameaWallStreetlawyer,ofallthings,insteadofthewriterthatIhadalwayslongedtobe--partlybecauseIneededtoprovetomyselfthatIcouldbeboldandassertivetoo.AndIwasalwaysgoingofftocrowdedbarswhenIreallywouldhavepreferredtojusthaveanicedinnerwithfriends.AndImadetheseself-negatingchoicessoreflexively,thatIwasn'tevenawarethatIwasmakingthem.

Nowthisiswhatmanyintrovertsdo,andit'sourlossforsure,butitisalsoourcolleagues'lossandourcommunities'loss.Andattheriskofsoundinggrandiose,itistheworld'sloss.Becausewhenitcomestocreativityandtoleadership,weneedintrovertsdoingwhattheydobest.Athirdtoahalfofthepopulationareintroverts--athirdtoahalf.Sothat'soneoutofeverytwoorthreepeopleyouknow.Soevenifyou'reanextrovertyourself,I'mtalkingaboutyourcoworkersandyourspousesandyourchildrenandthepersonsittingnexttoyourightnow--allofthemsubjecttothisbiasthatisprettydeepandrealinoursociety.Weallinternalizeitfromaveryearlyagewithoutevenhavingalanguageforwhatwe'redoing.

Nowtoseethebiasclearlyyouneedtounderstandwhatintroversionis.It'sdifferentfrombeingshy.Shynessisaboutfearofsocialjudgment.Introversionismoreabout,howdoyourespondtostimulation,includingsocialstimulation.Soextrovertsreallycravelargeamountsofstimulation,whereasintrovertsfeelattheirmostaliveandtheirmostswitched-onandtheirmostcapablewhenthey'reinquieter,morelow-keyenvironments.Notallthetime--thesethingsaren'tabsolute--butalotofthetime.Sothekeythentomaximizingourtalentsisforusalltoputourselvesinthezoneofstimulationthatisrightforus.

Butnowhere'swherethebiascomesin.Ourmostimportantinstitutions,ourschoolsandourworkplaces,theyaredesignedmostlyforextrovertsandforextroverts'needforlotsofstimulation.AndalsowehavethisbeliefsystemrightnowthatIcallthenewgroupthink,whichholdsthatallcreativityandallproductivitycomesfromaveryoddlygregariousplace.

Soifyoupicturethetypicalclassroomnowadays:WhenIwasgoingtoschool,wesatinrows.Wesatinrowsofdeskslikethis,andwedidmostofourworkprettyautonomously.Butnowadays,yourtypicalclassroomhaspodsofdesks--fourorfiveorsixorsevenkidsallfacingeachother.Andkidsareworkingincountlessgroupassignments.Eveninsubjectslikemathandcreativewriting,whichyouthinkwoulddependonsoloflightsofthought,kidsarenowexpectedtoactascommitteemembers.Andforthekidswhoprefertogooffbythemselvesorjusttoworkalone,thosekidsareseenasoutliersoftenor,worse,asproblemcases.Andthevastmajorityofteachersreportsbelievingthattheidealstudentisanextrovertasopposedtoanintrovert,eventhoughintrovertsactuallygetbettergradesandaremoreknowledgeable,accordingtoresearch.(Laughter)

Okay,samethingistrueinourworkplaces.Now,mostofusworkinopenplanoffices,withoutwalls,wherewearesubjecttotheconstantnoiseandgazeofourcoworkers.Andwhenitcomestoleadership,introvertsareroutinelypassedoverforleadershippositions,eventhoughintrovertstendtobeverycareful,muchlesslikelytotakeoutsizerisks--whichissomethingwemightallfavornowadays.AndinterestingresearchbyAdamGrantattheWhartonSchoolhasfoundthatintrovertedleadersoftendeliverbetteroutcomesthanextrovertsdo,becausewhentheyaremanagingproactiveemployees,they'remuchmorelikelytoletthoseemployeesrunwiththeirideas,whereasanextrovertcan,quiteunwittingly,getsoexcitedaboutthingsthatthey'reputtingtheirownstamponthings,andotherpeople'sideasmightnotaseasilythenbubbleuptothesurface.

Nowinfact,someofourtransformativeleadersinhistoryhavebeenintroverts.I'llgiveyousomeexamples.EleanorRoosevelt,RosaParks,Gandhi--allthesepeopleddescribedthemselvesasquietandsoft-spokenandevenshy.Andtheyalltookthespotlight,eventhougheveryboneintheirbodieswastellingthemnotto.Andthisturnsouttohaveaspecialpowerallitsown,becausepeoplecouldfeelthattheseleaderswereatthehelm,notbecausetheyenjoyeddirectingothersandnotoutofthepleasureofbeinglookedat;theyweretherebecausetheyhadnochoice,becausetheyweredriventodowhattheythoughtwasright.

NowIthinkatthispointit'simportantformetosaythatIactuallyloveextroverts.Ialwaysliketosaysomeofmybestfriendsareextroverts,includingmybelovedhusband.Andweallfallatdifferentpoints,ofcourse,alongtheintrovert/extrovertspectrum.EvenCarlJung,thepsychologistwhofirstpopularizedtheseterms,saidthatthere'snosuchthingasapureintrovertorapureextrovert.Hesaidthatsuchamanwouldbeinalunaticasylum,ifheexistedatall.Andsomepeoplefallsmackinthemiddleoftheintrovert/extrovertspectrum,andwecallthesepeopleambiverts.AndIoftenthinkthattheyhavethebestofallworlds.Butmanyofusdorecognizeourselvesasonetypeortheother.

AndwhatI'msayingisthatculturallyweneedamuchbetterbalance.Weneedmoreofayinandyangbetweenthesetwotypes.Thisisespeciallyimportantwhenitcomestocreativityandtoproductivity,becausewhenpsychologistslookatthelivesofthemostcreativepeople,whattheyfindarepeoplewhoareverygoodatexchangingideasandadvancingideas,butwhoalsohaveaseriousstreakofintroversioninthem.

Andthisisbecausesolitudeisacrucialingredientoftentocreativity.SoDarwin,hetooklongwalksaloneinthewoodsandemphaticallyturneddowndinnerpartyinvitations.TheodorGeisel,betterknownasDr.Seuss,hedreamedupmanyofhisamazingcreationsinalonelybelltowerofficethathehadinthebackofhishouseinLaJolla,California.AndhewasactuallyafraidtomeettheyoungchildrenwhoreadhisbooksforfearthattheywereexpectinghimthiskindofjollySantaClaus-likefigureandwouldbedisappointedwithhismorereservedpersona.SteveWozniakinventedthefirstApplecomputersittingaloneinhiscubicalinHewlett-Packardwherehewasworkingatthetime.Andhesaysthatheneverwouldhavebecomesuchanexpertinthefirstplacehadhenotbeentoointrovertedtoleavethehousewhenhewasgrowingup.

Nowofcourse,thisdoesnotmeanthatweshouldallstopcollaborating--andcaseinpoint,isSteveWozniakfamouslycomingtogetherwithSteveJobstostartAppleComputer--butitdoesmeanthatsolitudemattersandthatforsomepeopleitistheairthattheybreathe.Andinfact,wehaveknownforcenturiesaboutthetranscendentpowerofsolitude.It'sonlyrecentlythatwe'vestrangelybeguntoforgetit.Ifyoulookatmostoftheworld'smajorreligions,youwillfindseekers--Moses,Jesus,Buddha,Muhammad--seekerswhoaregoingoffbythemselvesalonetothewildernesswheretheythenhaveprofoundepiphaniesandrevelationsthattheythenbringbacktotherestofthecommunity.Sonowilderness,norevelations.

Thisisnosurprisethoughifyoulookattheinsightsofcontemporarypsychology.Itturnsoutthatwecan'tevenbeinagroupofpeoplewithoutinstinctivelymirroring,mimickingtheiropinions.Evenaboutseeminglypersonalandvisceralthingslikewhoyou'reattractedto,youwillstartapingthebeliefsofthepeoplearoundyouwithoutevenrealizingthatthat'swhatyou'redoing.

Andgroupsfamouslyfollowtheopinionsofthemostdominantorcharismaticpersonintheroom,eventhoughthere'szerocorrelationbetweenbeingthebesttalkerandhavingthebestideas--Imeanzero.So...(Laughter)Youmightbefollowingthepersonwiththebestideas,butyoumightnot.Anddoyoureallywanttoleaveituptochance?Muchbetterforeverybodytogooffbythemselves,generatetheirownideasfreedfromthedistortionsofgroupdynamics,andthencometogetherasateamtotalkthemthroughinawell-managedenvironmentandtakeitfromthere.

Nowifallthisistrue,thenwhyarewegettingitsowrong?Whyarewesettingupourschoolsthiswayandourworkplaces?Andwhyarewemakingtheseintrovertsfeelsoguiltyaboutwantingtojustgooffbythemselvessomeofthetime?Oneanswerliesdeepinourculturalhistory.Westernsocieties,andinparticulartheU.S.,havealwaysfavoredthemanofactionoverthemanofcontemplationand"man"ofcontemplation.ButinAmerica'searlydays,welivedinwhathistorianscallacultureofcharacter,wherewestill,atthatpoint,valuedpeoplefortheirinnerselvesandtheirmoralrectitude.Andifyoulookattheself-helpbooksfromthisera,theyallhadtitleswiththingslike"Character,theGrandestThingintheWorld."AndtheyfeaturedrolemodelslikeAbrahamLincolnwhowaspraisedforbeingmodestandunassuming.RalphWaldoEmersoncalledhim"Amanwhodoesnotoffendbysuperiority."

TED的英文演讲稿6

Ateverystageofourliveswemakedecisionsthatwillprofoundlyinfluencethelivesofthepeoplewe'regoingtobecome,andthenwhenwebecomethose

people,we'renotalwaysthrilledwiththedecisionswemade.Soyoungpeoplepaygoodmoneytogettattoosremovedthatteenagerspaidgoodmoneytoget.

Middle-agedpeoplerushedtodivorcepeoplewhoyoungadultsrushedtomarry.Olderadultsworkhardtolosewhatmiddle-agedadultsworkedhardtogain.Onandonandon.Thequestionis,asapsychologist,thatfascinatesmeis,whydowemakedecisionsthatourfutureselvessooftenregret?

在我们生命的每个阶段，我们都会做出一些决定，这些决定会深刻影响未来我们自己的生活，当我们成为未来的自己时，我们并不总是对过去做过的决定感到高兴。所以年轻人花很多钱洗去当还是青少年时花了很多钱做上的纹身。中年人急着跟年轻时迫不及待想结婚的人离婚。老年人很努力的挥霍着作为中年人时不停工作所赚的钱。如此没完没了。作为一个心理学家，让我感兴趣的问题是，为什么我们会做出让自己将来常常后悔的决定？

Now,Ithinkoneofthereasons--I'lltrytoconvinceyoutoday—isthatwehaveafundamentalmisconceptionaboutthepoweroftime.Everyoneofyouknowsthattherateofchangeslowsoverthehumanlifespan,thatyourchildrenseemto

changebytheminutebutyourparentsseemtochangebytheyear.Butwhatisthenameofthismagicalpointinlifewherechangesuddenlygoesfromagalloptoacrawl?Isitteenageyears?Isitmiddleage?Isitoldage?Theanswer,itturnsout,formostpeople,isnow,wherevernowhappenstobe.WhatIwanttoconvinceyoutodayisthatallofusarewalkingaroundwithanillusion,anillusionthathistory,

ourpersonalhistory,hasjustcometoanend,thatwehavejustrecentlybecomethepeoplethatwewerealwaysmeanttobeandwillbefortherestofourlives.我认为其中一个原因——而我今天想说服你们的——就是我们对时间的力量有个基本的错误概念。你们每个人都知道变化的速度随着人的年龄增长不断放慢，孩子们好像每分钟都有变化，而父母们的变化则要慢得多。那么生命中这个让变化突然间从飞速变得缓慢的神奇转折点应该叫什么呢？是青少年时期吗？是中年时期吗？是老年阶段吗？其实对大多数人来说，答案是，现在，无论现在发生在什么。今天我想让大家明白的是，我们所有人都在围绕着一种错觉生活，这种错觉就是，我们每个人的过去，都已经结束了，我们已经成为了我们应该成为的那种人，在余下的生命中也都会如此。

Letmegiveyousomedatatobackupthatclaim.Sohere'sastudyofchangeinpeople'spersonalvaluesovertime.Here'sthreevalues.Everybodyhereholdsallofthem,butyouprobablyknowthatasyougrow,asyouage,thebalanceofthesevaluesshifts.Sohowdoesitdoso?Well,weaskedthousandsofpeople.Weaskedhalfofthemtopredictforushowmuchtheirvalueswouldchangeinthenext10years,andtheotherstotellushowmuchtheirvalueshadchangedinthelast10years.Andthisenabledustodoareallyinterestingkindofanalysis,becauseitallowedustocomparethepredictionsofpeople,say,18yearsold,tothereportsofpeoplewhowere28,andtodothatkindofanalysisthroughoutthelifespan.

我想给你们展示一些数据来支持这个观点。这是一项关于人们的个人价值观随时间变化的研究。这里有3种价值观。每个人的生活都与这三个价值观相关，但是你们可能知道，随着你们慢慢长大，变老，这三个价值观的平衡点会不断变化。到底是怎么回事呢？我们询问了

数千人。我们让他们当中一半的人预测了一下在未来10年中，他们的价值观会发生多大的改变，让另一半人告诉我们在过去的10年中，他们的价值观发生了多大的变化。这项调查可以让我们做一个很有趣的分析，因为它可以让我们将大约18岁左右的人的预测同大约28岁左右的人的答案相比较，这项分析可以贯穿人的一生。

Here'swhatwefound.Firstofall,youareright,changedoesslowdownasweage,butsecond,you'rewrong,becauseitdoesn'tslownearlyasmuchaswethink.Ateveryage,from18to68inourdataset,peoplevastlyunderestimatedhowmuchchangetheywouldexperienceoverthenext10years.Wecallthisthe"endofhistory"illusion.Togiveyouanideaofthemagnitudeofthiseffect,youcanconnectthesetwolines,andwhatyouseehereisthat18-year-oldsanticipatechangingonlyasmuchas50-year-oldsactuallydo.

这是我们的发现。首先，你们是对的，随着我们年龄的增长，变化会减缓。第二，你们错了，因为这种变化并不像我们想象的那么慢。在我们的数据库从18岁到68岁的每一个年龄段中，人们大大的低估了在未来的10年他们会经历多少变化。我们把这叫做“历史终止”错觉。为了让你们了解这种影响有多大，你们可以把这两条线连接起来，你们现在看到的是18岁的人群预期的改变仅仅和50岁的人群实际经历的一样。

Nowit'snotjustvalues.It'sallsortsofotherthings.Forexample,personality.Manyofyouknowthatpsychologistsnowclaimthattherearefivefundamental

dimensionsofpersonality:neuroticism,opennesstoexperience,agreeableness,extraversion,andconscientiousness.Again,weaskedpeoplehowmuchthey

expectedtochangeoverthenext10years,andalsohowmuchtheyhadchanged

overthelast10years,andwhatwefound,well,you'regoingtogetusedtoseeingthisdiagramoverandover,becauseonceagaintherateofchangedoesslowasweage,butateveryage,peopleunderestimatehowmuchtheirpersonalitieswillchangeinthenextdecade.

现在不仅仅是价值观了。其他的方面都也有变化。比如说，人格。你们当中的很多人知道现在心理学家们认为人格可以分为五个基本维度：神经质性，经验汲取度，协调性，外向性和道德感。回到原来的话题，我们问人们他们期待未来的10年中自己会有多大的变化，以及他们在过去的10年中发生了多少变化，我们发现了，你们会习惯不断地看到这个图表，因为又一次，变化速率随着我们的年龄增长减慢了。但是在每一个年龄阶段，人们都低估了在未来的十年中他们的.人格会发生多大的改变。

Anditisn'tjustephemeralthingslikevaluesandpersonality.Youcanaskpeopleabouttheirlikesanddislikes,theirbasicpreferences.Forexample,nameyourbestfriend,yourfavoritekindofvacation,what'syourfavoritehobby,what'syour

favoritekindofmusic.Peoplecannamethesethings.Weaskhalfofthemtotellus,"Doyouthinkthatthatwillchangeoverthenext10years?"andhalfofthemtotellus,"Didthatchangeoverthelast10years?"Andwhatwefind,well,you'veseenittwicenow,andhereitisagain:peoplepredictthatthefriendtheyhavenowisthefriendthey'llhavein10years,thevacationtheymostenjoynowistheonethey'llenjoyin10years,andyet,peoplewhoare10yearsolderallsay,"Eh,youknow,that'sreallychanged."

而且不光是像价值观和人格这样的临时性的特质。你们可以问问人们关于他们喜好和厌恶的事，他们基本的偏好。比如说，说出你最好朋友的名字，你最喜欢什么样的假期，你最大的爱好是什么，你最喜欢什么样的音乐。人们可以说出这些事情。我们让他们当中的一半人告诉我们，“你认为这在未来10年内会改变吗？”让另一半告诉我们，“这个在过去十年内变化了吗？”我们的发现是，嗯，这个图你们已经看过2次了，再展示一次：人们推测他们现在的朋友在未来10年中还会是他们的朋友，他们喜欢的度假之地在未来10年内还会是他们喜欢的地方，然而，年长10岁的人都会说：“嗯，你知道，这确实不一样了。”Doesanyofthismatter?Isthisjustaformofmis-predictionthatdoesn'thaveconsequences?No,itmattersquiteabit,andI'llgiveyouanexampleofwhy.Itbedevilsourdecision-makinginimportantways.Bringtomindrightnowfor

yourselfyourfavoritemusiciantodayandyourfavoritemusician10yearsago.Iputmineuponthescreentohelpyoualong.Nowweaskedpeopletopredictforus,totellushowmuchmoneytheywouldpayrightnowtoseetheircurrentfavoritemusicianperforminconcert10yearsfromnow,andonaverage,peoplesaidtheywouldpay129dollarsforthatticket.Andyet,whenweaskedthemhowmuchtheywouldpaytoseethepersonwhowastheirfavorite10yearsagoperformtoday,theysayonly80dollars.Now,inaperfectlyrationalworld,theseshouldbethesamenumber,butweoverpayfortheopportunitytoindulgeourcurrentpreferencesbecauseweoverestimatetheirstability.

这有什么关系吗？这只是一种并不会有什么后果的错误的预测吗？不，这有很大的关系，我会举例告诉你们为什么。它在很多重要的方面困扰着我们做决定。现在想想你们此时此刻最

TED的英文演讲稿7

YangLan:Thegenerationthat'sremakingChina

ThenightbeforeIwasheadingforScotland,Iwasinvitedtohostthefinalof"China'sGotTalent"showinShanghaiwiththe80,000liveaudienceinthestadium.Guesswhowastheperformingguest?SusanBoyle.AndItoldher,"I'mgoingtoScotlandthenextday."Shesangbeautifully,andsheevenmanagedtosayafewwordsinChinese.[Chinese]Soit'snotlike"hello"or"thankyou,"thatordinarystuff.Itmeans"greenonionforfree."Whydidshesaythat?BecauseitwasalinefromourChineseparallelSusanBoyle--a50-someyear-oldwoman,avegetablevendorinShanghai,wholovessingingWesternopera,butshedidn'tunderstandanyEnglishorFrenchorItalian,soshemanagedtofillinthelyricswithvegetablenamesinChinese.(Laughter)AndthelastsentenceofNessunDormathatshewassinginginthestadiumwas"greenonionforfree."So

[as]SusanBoylewassayingthat,80,000liveaudiencesangtogether.Thatwashilarious.

SoIguessbothSusanBoyleandthisvegetablevendorinShanghaibelongedtootherness.Theyweretheleastexpectedtobesuccessfulinthebusinesscalledentertainment,yettheircourageandtalentbroughtthemthrough.Andashowandaplatformgavethemthestagetorealizetheirdreams.Well,beingdifferentisnotthatdifficult.Wearealldifferentfromdifferentperspectives.ButIthinkbeingdifferentisgood,becauseyoupresentadifferentpointofview.Youmayhavethechancetomakeadifference.

MygenerationhasbeenveryfortunatetowitnessandparticipateinthehistorictransformationofChinathathasmadesomanychangesinthepast20,30years.Irememberthatintheyearof1990,whenIwasgraduatingfromcollege,Iwasapplyingforajobinthesalesdepartmentofthefirstfive-starhotelinBeijing,GreatWallSheraton--it'sstillthere.SoafterbeinginterrogatedbythisJapanesemanagerforahalfanhour,hefinallysaid,"So,MissYang,doyouhaveanyquestionstoaskme?"Isummonedmycourageandpoiseandsaid,"Yes,butcouldyouletmeknow,whatactuallydoyousell?"Ididn'thaveacluewhatasalesdepartmentwasaboutinafive-starhotel.ThatwasthefirstdayIsetmyfootinafive-starhotel.

Aroundthesametime,Iwasgoingthroughanaudition--thefirsteveropenauditionbynationaltelevisioninChina--withanotherthousandcollegegirls.Theproducertoldustheywerelookingforsomesweet,innocentandbeautifulfreshface.Sowhenitwasmyturn,Istoodupandsaid,"Why[do]women'spersonalitiesontelevisionalwayshavetobebeautiful,sweet,innocentand,youknow,supportive?Whycan'ttheyhavetheirownideasandtheirownvoice?"IthoughtIkindofoffendedthem.Butactually,theywereimpressedbymywords.AndsoIwasinthesecondroundofcompetition,andthenthethirdandthefourth.Aftersevenroundsofcompetition,Iwasthelastonetosurviveit.SoIwasonanationaltelevisionprime-timeshow.Andbelieveitornot,thatwasthefirstshowonChinesetelevisionthatalloweditshoststospeakoutoftheirownmindswithoutreadinganapprovedscript.(Applause)Andmyweeklyaudienceatthattimewasbetween200to300millionpeople.

Wellafterafewyears,IdecidedtogototheU.S.andColumbiaUniversitytopursuemypostgraduatestudies,andthenstartedmyownmediacompany,whichwasunthoughtofduringtheyearsthatIstartedmycareer.Sowedoalotofthings.I'veinterviewedmorethanathousandpeopleinthepast.AndsometimesIhaveyoungpeopleapproachingmesay,"Lan,youchanged

mylife,"andIfeelproudofthat.Butthenwearealsosofortunatetowitnessthetransformationofthewholecountry.IwasinBeijing'sbiddingfortheOlympicGames.IwasrepresentingtheShanghaiExpo.IsawChinaembracingtheworldandviceversa.ButthensometimesI'mthinking,whataretoday'syounggenerationupto?Howaretheydifferent,andwhatarethedifferencestheyaregoingtomaketoshapethefutureofChina,oratlarge,theworld?

SotodayIwanttotalkaboutyoungpeoplethroughtheplatformofsocialmedia.Firstofall,whoarethey?[What]dotheylooklike?WellthisisagirlcalledGuoMeimei--20yearsold,beautiful.Sheshowedoffherexpensivebags,clothesandcaronhermicroblog,whichistheChineseversionofTwitter.AndsheclaimedtobethegeneralmanagerofRedCrossattheChamberofCommerce.Shedidn'trealizethatshesteppedonasensitivenerveandarousednationalquestioning,almostaturmoil,againstthecredibilityofRedCross.ThecontroversywassoheatedthattheRedCrosshadtoopenapressconferencetoclarifyit,andtheinvestigationisgoingon.

Sofar,asoftoday,weknowthatsheherselfmadeupthattitle--probablybecauseshefeelsproudtobeassociatedwithcharity.Allthoseexpensiveitemsweregiventoherasgiftsbyherboyfriend,whousedtobeaboardmemberinasubdivisionofRedCrossatChamberofCommerce.It'sverycomplicatedtoexplain.Butanyway,thepublicstilldoesn'tbuyit.Itisstillboiling.Itshowsusageneralmistrustofgovernmentorgovernment-backedinstitutions,whichlackedtransparencyinthepast.Andalsoitshowedusthepowerandtheimpactofsocialmediaasmicroblog.

Microblogboomedintheyearof20xx,withvisitorsdoubledandtimespentonittripled.Sina.com,amajornewsportal,alonehasmorethan140millionmicrobloggers.OnTencent,200million.Themostpopularblogger--it'snotme--it'samoviestar,andshehasmorethan9.5millionfollowers,orfans.About80percentofthosemicrobloggersareyoungpeople,under30yearsold.Andbecause,asyouknow,thetraditionalmediaisstillheavilycontrolledbythegovernment,socialmediaoffersanopeningtoletthesteamoutalittlebit.Butbecauseyoudon'thavemanyotheropenings,theheatcomingoutofthisopeningissometimesverystrong,activeandevenviolent.

Sothroughmicroblogging,weareabletounderstandChineseyouthevenbetter.Sohowaretheydifferent?Firstofall,mostofthemwereborninthe80sand90s,undertheone-childpolicy.Andbecauseofselectedabortionbyfamilieswhofavoredboystogirls,nowwehaveendedupwith30millionmoreyoungmenthanwomen.Thatcouldposeapotentialdangertothesociety,butwhoknows;we'reinaglobalizedworld,sotheycanlookforgirlfriendsfromothercountries.Mostofthemhavefairlygoodeducation.TheilliteracyrateinChinaamongthisgenerationisunderonepercent.Incities,80percentofkidsgotocollege.ButtheyarefacinganagingChinawithapopulationabove65yearsoldcomingupwithseven-point-somepercentthisyear,andabouttobe15percentbytheyearof20xx.Andyouknowwehavethetraditionthatyoungergenerationssupporttheeldersfinancially,andtakingcareofthemwhenthey'resick.Soitmeansyoungcoupleswillhavetosupportfourparentswhohavealifeexpectancyof73yearsold.

Somakingalivingisnotthateasyforyoungpeople.Collegegraduatesarenotinshortsupply.In

urbanareas,collegegraduatesfindthestartingsalaryisabout400U.S.dollarsamonth,whiletheaveragerentisabove$500.Sowhatdotheydo?Theyhavetosharespace--squeezedinverylimitedspacetosavemoney--andtheycallthemselves"tribeofants."Andforthosewhoarereadytogetmarriedandbuytheirapartment,theyfiguredouttheyhavetoworkfor30to40yearstoaffordtheirfirstapartment.ThatratioinAmericawouldonlycostacouplefiveyearstoearn,butinChinait's30to40yearswiththeskyrocketingrealestateprice.

Amongthe200millionmigrantworkers,60percentofthemareyoungpeople.Theyfindthemselvessortofsandwichedbetweentheurbanareasandtheruralareas.Mostofthemdon'twanttogobacktothecountryside,buttheydon'thavethesenseofbelonging.Theyworkforlongerhourswithlessincome,lesssocialwelfare.Andthey'remorevulnerabletojoblosses,subjecttoinflation,tighteningloansfrombanks,appreciationoftherenminbi,ordeclineofdemandfromEuropeorAmericafortheproductstheyproduce.Lastyear,though,anappallingincidentinasouthernOEMmanufacturingcompoundinChina:13youngworkersintheirlateteensandearly20scommitted,justonebyonelikecausingacontagiousdisease.Buttheydiedbecauseofalldifferentpersonalreasons.Butthiswholeincidentarousedahugeoutcryfromsocietyabouttheisolation,bothphysicalandmental,ofthesemigrantworkers.

Forthosewhodoreturnbacktothecountryside,theyfindthemselvesverywelcomelocally,becausewiththeknowledge,skillsandnetworkstheyhavelearnedinthecities,withtheassistanceoftheInternet,they'reabletocreatemorejobs,upgradelocalagricultureandcreatenewbusinessinthelessdevelopedmarket.Soforthepastfewyears,thecoastalareas,theyfoundthemselvesinashortageoflabor.

Thesediagramsshowamoregeneralsocialbackground.ThefirstoneistheEngelscoefficient,whichexplainsthatthecostofdailynecessitieshasdroppeditspercentageallthroughthepastdecade,intermsoffamilyincome,toabout37-somepercent.Buttheninthelasttwoyears,itgoesupagainto39percent,indicatingarisinglivingcost.TheGinicoefficienthasalreadypassedthedangerouslineof0.4.Nowit's0.5--evenworsethanthatinAmerica--showingustheincomeinequality.Andsoyouseethiswholesocietygettingfrustratedaboutlosingsomeofitsmobility.Andalso,thebitternessandevenresentmenttowardstherichandthepowerfulisquitewidespread.Soanyaccusationsofcorruptionorbackdoordealingsbetweenauthoritiesorbusinesswouldarouseasocialoutcryorevenuest.

Sothroughsomeofthehottesttopicsonmicroblogging,wecanseewhatyoungpeoplecaremostabout.Socialjusticeandgovernmentaccountabilityrunsthefirstinwhattheydemand.Forthepastdecadeorso,amassiveurbanizationanddevelopmenthaveletuswitnessalotofreportsontheforceddemolitionofprivateproperty.Andithasarousedhugeangerandfrustrationamongouryounggeneration.Sometimespeoplegetkilled,andsometimespeoplesetthemselvesonfiretoprotest.SowhentheseincidentsarereportedmoreandmorefrequentlyontheInternet,peoplecryforthegovernmenttotakeactionstostopthis.

Sothegoodnewsisthatearlierthisyear,thestatecouncilpassedanewregulationonhouserequisitionanddemolitionandpassedtherighttoorderforceddemolitionfromlocalgovernments

tothecourt.Similarly,manyotherissuesconcerningpublicsafetyisahottopicontheInternet.Weheardaboutpollutedair,pollutedwater,poisonedfood.Andguesswhat,wehavefakedbeef.Theyhavesortsofingredientsthatyoubrushonapieceofchickenorfish,anditturnsittolooklikebeef.Andthenlately,peopleareveryconcernedaboutcookingoil,becausethousandsofpeoplehavebeenfound[refining]cookingoilfromrestaurantslop.SoallthesethingshavearousedahugeoutcryfromtheInternet.Andfortunately,wehaveseenthegovernmentrespondingmoretimelyandalsomorefrequentlytothepublicconcerns.

Whileyoungpeopleseemtobeverysureabouttheirparticipationinpublicpolicy-making,butsometimesthey'realittlebitlostintermsofwhattheywantfortheirpersonallife.ChinaissoontopasstheU.S.asthenumberonemarketforluxurybrands--that'snotincludingtheChineseexpendituresinEuropeandelsewhere.Butyouknowwhat,halfofthoseconsumersareearningasalarybelow2,000U.S.dollars.They'renotrichatall.They'retakingthosebagsandclothesasasenseofidentityandsocialstatus.AndthisisagirlexplicitlysayingonaTVdatingshowthatshewouldrathercryinaBMWthansmileonabicycle.Butofcourse,wedohaveyoungpeoplewhowouldstillprefertosmile,whetherinaBMWor[on]abicycle.

Sointhenextpicture,youseeaverypopularphenomenoncalled"naked"wedding,or"naked"marriage.Itdoesnotmeantheywillwearnothinginthewedding,butitshowsthattheseyoungcouplesarereadytogetmarriedwithoutahouse,withoutacar,withoutadiamondringandwithoutaweddingbanquet,toshowtheircommitmenttotruelove.Andalso,peoplearedoinggoodthroughsocialmedia.Andthefirstpictureshowedusthatatruckcaging500homelessandkidnappeddogsforfoodprocessingwasspottedandstoppedonthehighwaywiththewholecountrywatchingthroughmicroblogging.Peopleweredonatingmoney,dogfoodandofferingvolunteerworktostopthattruck.Andafterhoursofnegotiation,500dogswererescued.Andherealsopeoplearehelpingtofindmissingchildren.Afatherpostedhisson'spictureontotheInternet.Afterthousandsof[unclear],thechildwasfound,andwewitnessedthereunionofthefamilythroughmicroblogging.

Sohappinessisthemostpopularwordwehaveheardthroughthepasttwoyears.Happinessisnotonlyrelatedtopersonalexperiencesandpersonalvalues,butalso,it'sabouttheenvironment.Peoplearethinkingaboutthefollowingquestions:ArewegoingtosacrificeourenvironmentfurthertoproducehigherGDP?Howarewegoingtoperformoursocialandpoliticalreformtokeeppacewitheconomicgrowth,tokeepsustainabilityandstability?Andalso,howcapableisthesystemofself-correctnesstokeepmorepeoplecontentwithallsortsoffrictiongoingonatthesametime?Iguessthesearethequestionspeoplearegoingtoanswer.Andouryoungergenerationaregoingtotransformthiscountrywhileatthesametimebeingtransformedthemselves.

Thankyouverymuch.

TED的英文演讲稿9

Ihavespentthelastyears,tryingtoresolvetwoenigmas:whyisproductivitysodisappointinginallthecompanieswhereIwork?Ihaveworkedwithmorethan500companies.Despiteallthetechnologicaladvance–computers,IT,communications,telecommunications,theinternet.

Enigmanumbertwo:whyistheresolittleengagementatwork?Whydopeoplefeelsomiserable,evenactivelydisengaged?Disengagedtheircolleagues.Actingagainsttheinterestoftheircompany.Despitealltheaffiliationevents,thecelebration,thepeopleinitiatives,theleadershipdevelopmentprogramstotrainmanagersonhowtobettermotivatetheirteams.

Atthebeginning,Ithoughttherewasachickenandeggissue:becausepeoplearelessengaged,theyarelessproductive.Orviceversa,becausetheyarelessproductive,weputmorepressureandtheyarelessengaged.Butasweweredoingouranalysiswerealizedthattherewasacommonrootcausetothesetwoissuesthatrelates,infact,tothebasicpillarsofmanagement.Thewayweorganizeisbasedontwopillars.

Thehard—structure,processes,systems.

Thesoft—feeling,sentiments,interpersonalrelationship,traits,personality.

Andwheneveracompanyreorganizes,restructures,reengineers,goesthroughaculturaltransformationprogram,itchoosesthesetwopillars.Nowwetrytorefinethem,wetrytocombinethem.Therealissueis–andthisistheanswertothetwoenigmas–thesepillarareobsolete.

Everythingyoureadinbusinessbooksisbasedeithertwooftheotherortheircombine.Theyareobsolete.Howdotheyworkwhenyoutrytousetheseapproachesinfrontofthenewcomplexityofbusiness?Thehardapproach,basicallyisthatyoustartfromstrategy,requirement,structure,processes,systems,KPIs,scorecards,committees,headquarters,hubs,clusters,younameit.Iforgotallthemetrics,incentives,committees,middleofficesandinterfaces.Whathappensbasicallyontheleft,youhavemorecomplexity,thenewcomplexityofbusiness.Weneedquality,cost,reliability,speed.Andeverytimethereisanewrequirement,weusethesameapproach.Wecreatededicatedstructureprocessedsystems,basicallytodealwiththenewcomplexityofbusiness.Thehardapproachcreatesjustcomplicatednessintheorganization.

Let’stakeanexample.Anautomotivecompany,theengineeringdivisionisafive-dimensionalmatrix.Ifyouopenanycellofthematrix,youfindanother20-dimensionalmatrix.YouhaveMr.Noise,Mr.PetrolConsumption,Mr.Anti-CollisionPropertise.Foranynewrequirement,

youhaveadedicatedfunctioninchargeofaligningengineersagainstthenewrequirement.Whathappenswhenthenewrequirementemerges?

Someyearsago,anewrequirementappearedonthemarketplace:thelengthofthewarrantyperiod.Sothereforetherequirementisrepairability,makingcarseasytorepair.Otherwisewhenyoubringthecartothegaragetofixthelight,ifyouhavetoremovetheenginetoaccessthelights,thecarwillhavetostayoneweekinthegarageinsteadoftwohours,andthewarrantybudgetwillexplode.So,whatwasthesolutionusingthehardapproach?Ifrepairabilityistherewrequirement,thesolutionistocreateanewfunction,Mr.Repairability.AndMr.Repairabilitycreatestherepairabilityprocess.Witharepairabilityscorecard,witharepairabilitymetricandeventuallyrepairabilityincentive.Thatcameontopof25otherKPIs.Whatpercentageofthesepeopleisvariablecompensation?Twentypercentatmost,dividedby26KPIs,repairabilitymakesadifferenceof0.8percent.Whatdifferencediditmakeintheiraction,theirchoicestosimplify?Zero.Butwhatoccursforzeroimpact?Mr.Repairability,process,scorecard,evaluation,coordinationwiththe25othercoordinatorstohavezeroimpact.Now,infrontofthenewcomplexityofbusiness,theonlysolutionisnotdrawingboxeswithreportinglines.Itisbasicallytheinterplay.Howthepartsworktogether.Theconnection,theinteraction,thesynapse.Itisnotskeletonofboxes,itisthenervoussystemofadaptivenessand

intelligence.Youknow,youcouldcallitcooperation,basically.Wheneverpeoplecooperate,theyuselessresources.Ineverything.Youknow,therepairabilityissueisacooperationproblem.

Whenyoudesigncars,pleasetakeintoaccounttheneedofthosewhowillrepairthecarsintheaftersalesgarage.Whenwedon’tcooperateweneedmoretime,moreequipment,moresystem,moreteams.Weneed–whenprocurement,supplychain,manufacturingdon’tcooperateweneedmorestock,moreinvestories,moreworkingcapital.

Whowillpayforthat?Shareholder?Customers?No,theywillrefuse.Sowhoisleft?Theemployees,whohavetocompensatethroughtheirsuperindividualeffortsforthelackofcooperation.Stress,burnout,theyareoverwhelmed,accidents.Nowondertheydisengage.

Howdothehardandthesofttrytofostercooperation?

Thehard:inbanks,whenthereisproblembetweenthebackofficeandthefrontoffice,theydon’tcooperate.Whatisthesolution?Theycreateamiddleoffice.

Whathappensoneyearslater?Insteadofoneproblembetweenthebackandfront,nowhavetoproblems.Betweenthebackandthemiddleandbetweenthemiddleandthefront.PlusIhavetopayforthemiddleoffice.Thehardapproachisunabletofostercooperation.Itcanonlyaddnewboxes,newbonesintheskeleton.

Thesoftapproach:tomakepeoplecooperate,weneedtomakethenlikeeachother.Improveinterpersonalfeelings,themorepeoplelaikeeachother,themoretheywillcooperate.Itistotallyworng.Itevencounterproductive.

Look,athomeIhavetwoTVs.Why?Preciselynottohavetocooperatewithmywife.Nottohavetoimposetradeoffstomywife.AndwhyItrynottoimposetradeoffstomywifeispreciselybecauseIlovemywife.IfIdidn’tlovemywife,oneTVwouldbeenough:youwillwatchmyfavoritefootballgame,ifyouarenothappy,howisthebookorthedoor?

Themorewelikeeachother,themoreweavoidtherealcooperationthatwouldstrainourrelationshipsbyimposingtoughtradeoffs.AndwegoforasecondTVorweescalatethedecisionaboveforarbitration.

Definitely,theseapproachesareobsolete.Todealwithcomplexity,toenhancenervoussystem,wehavecreatedwhatwecallthesmartsimplicityapproachbasedonsimplerules.Simplerulenumberone:understandwhatothersdo.Whatistheirrealwork?Weneedgobeyondtheboxes,thejobdescription,beyondthesurfaceofthecontainer,tounderstandtherealcontent.Me,designer,ifIputawirehere,Iknowthatitwillmeanthatwewillhavetoremovetheenginetoaccessthelights.Second,youneedtoreinforceintegrators.